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The special loads during lifting and transport of the pipes must be taken into account. In particular, transport via a centric stop (cast-in anchor or centrally positioned pipe gripper) activates bending loads for which the pipes must be dimensioned. For pipes with smaller pipe diameters, it is advisable, if possible, to support the pipe via the outer pipe wall or from the inner pipe wall. (Image: Transport of a pipe with a centrally positioned pipe … |
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To facilitate the jointing of the pipes, the socket area should be greased in advance. The lubricant used must be free of plasticizers or other ingredients that could damage the compression seal. Important: Attention: Only the lubricant permitted by the manufacturer may be used. (Image: Greasing the pipe socket to reduce resistance when jointing the pipes together - Image 1) (Image: Greasing the pipe socket to reduce resistance when jointing the pipes … |
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Compliance with the gradient is particularly important in the case of gravity pipelines and sewers. The pipes must therefore be installed precisely according to direction and elevation within the limits specified by the planning. To ensure this, a pipe laser with target plate is used. Pipe laser functions are:
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Compliance with the gradient is particularly important in the case of gravity pipelines and sewers. The pipes must therefore be installed precisely according to direction and elevation within the limits specified by the planning. To ensure this, a pipe laser with target plate is used. Pipe laser functions are:
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May 11, 2022 Shoring may only be removed if it has become dispensable due to backfilling of the trench or other construction measures. Horizontal timber shoring: 1 to 2 planks are to be removed depending on the soil; the filling material / soil is to be brought in and compacted against the native soil. Trench shoring equipment: The respective manufacturer's instructions for use are to be observed for the removal. The following steps, for example, are to be carried … |
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May 11, 2022 Shoring may only be removed if it has become dispensable due to backfilling of the trench or other construction measures. Horizontal timber shoring: 1 to 2 planks are to be removed depending on the soil; the filling material / soil is to be brought in and compacted against the native soil. Trench shoring equipment: The respective manufacturer's instructions for use are to be observed for the removal. The following steps, for example, are to be carried … |
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The water replacement test method is used in coarse-grained sands, gravelly sands, in mixed soils (slope debris) in which stable pits can be excavated. Water replacement with the help of a plastic film or soft rubber skin allows to measure the volume in very permeable coarse-grained soils. The volume of the test pit (Vg) is determined from the mass of water required (difference weighing of the bucket before and after) and from the density of the liquid … |
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The water replacement test method is used in coarse-grained sands, gravelly sands, in mixed soils (slope debris) in which stable pits can be excavated. Water replacement with the help of a plastic film or soft rubber skin allows to measure the volume in very permeable coarse-grained soils. The volume of the test pit (Vg) is determined from the mass of water required (difference weighing of the bucket before and after) and from the density of the liquid … |
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The conversion of the dynamic modulus of deformation EVd to the degree of compaction DPr is carried out using the following table. (Table: Excerpt from "Assignment of degree of compaction and deformation modulus VV2 or EVd (according to ZTVE-StB 94, ZTVT-StB 95, Federal Railway Guideline A2015)") Important: The use of the dynamic plate load test is severely restricted in soils containing coarse gravel or stones, since even a single stone > 2.5 in (… |
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The conversion of the dynamic modulus of deformation EVd to the degree of compaction DPr is carried out using the following table. (Table: Excerpt from "Assignment of degree of compaction and deformation modulus VV2 or EVd (according to ZTVE-StB 94, ZTVT-StB 95, Federal Railway Guideline A2015)") Important: The use of the dynamic plate load test is severely restricted in soils containing coarse gravel or stones, since even a single stone > 63 mm near … |
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(Image: Open cut trench method - High tech for an "old" construction method) The installation of pipelines using the open cut trench method has evolved massively since the first brick sewers were constructed. Each of these developments revolutionized the efficiency of installation. The image shows key efficiency drivers of modern open cut construction. These include construction equipment for loosening and moving soil and rock but also for lifting … |
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Nov 23, 2019 AE-02 Open Cut Method: Embedment Zone and Pipe Installation Minimum Trench Width Calculation in the US for Various Pipe Materials The following formula can be used as a general guide to compute the minimum trench width for circular concrete pipe installation using the open cut method. (Image: Reinforced concrete pipe) (Table: Minimum trench width for circular concrete pipe in the US) Sample calculation: O.D. = 24” ID + 3 in wall thickness x 2 = 30 in Total trench width = O.D. + (O.D./6 x2) = 30 in+ (30/6 x 2) = 30 in + 10 in = 40 in min |
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Nov 23, 2019 AE-02 Open Cut Method: Embedment Zone and Pipe Installation Minimum Trench Width Calculation in the US for Various Pipe Materials The table below presents the method to select the minimum trench width for HDPE pipe installation using the open cut method for stable ground conditions [[Plastic Pipe Institute]] (Image: HDPE pipe) (Table: Minimum trench width for HDPE pipe in stable ground) AASHTO Section 30 requires a minimum trench width of not less than: Wmin = 1.5 x OD + 12 in (300 mm) ASTM D 2321 requires a minimum trench width of the greater of either the pipe OD + 16 in (400 … |
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Nov 23, 2019 AE-02 Open Cut Method: Embedment Zone and Pipe Installation Minimum Trench Width Calculation in the US for Various Pipe Materials The table below presents the method to compute the minimum trench width for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe installation using the open cut method. (Image: PVC pipe) (Table: Minimum trench width for PVC pipe in the US) |
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Nov 23, 2019 AE-02 Open Cut Method: Embedment Zone and Pipe Installation Minimum Trench Width Calculation in the US for Various Pipe Materials The table below presents the minimum trench width as a function of pipe outside diameter for glassfiber reinforced pipe (GRP) installation using the open cut method. (Image: Glass fibre reinforced plastic pipe (GRP pipe)) (Table: Minimum trench width for GRP pipe in the US) |
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Nov 23, 2019 AE-02 Open Cut Method: Embedment Zone and Pipe Installation Minimum Trench Width Calculation in the US for Various Pipe Materials The table below presents the minimum trench width as a function of pipe outside diameter for centrifugally cast glass-fiber reinforced polymer mortar (CCFRPM) pipe installation using the open cut method. (Image: Centrifugally cast fiberglass-reinforced, polymer mortar (CCFRPM) pipe) (Table: Minimum trench width for CCFRPM pipe in the US) |
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Nov 23, 2019 AE-02 Open Cut Method: Embedment Zone and Pipe Installation Minimum Trench Width Calculation in the US for Various Pipe Materials The table below presents the minimum trench width as a function of pipe outside diameter for ductile iron pipe installation using the open cut method. (Image: Ductile iron pipe) (Table: Minimum trench width for ductile iron pipe in the US) |
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Nov 23, 2019 AE-02 Open Cut Method: Embedment Zone and Pipe Installation Minimum Trench Width Calculation in the US for Various Pipe Materials (Image: Vitrified clay pipe) Trenches for Vitrified Clay Pipe (VCP) installation shall be excavated to a width that will provide adequate working space, but not more than the maximum design width, according to [[ASTM C12-07]]. There is no single formula that is applicable for minimum trench width calculation for VCP. Trench width is mainly one factor to compute loads caused by backfilling to determine the supporting strength of VCP. The factors taken … |
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Jan 11, 2023 (Video: Bert Bosseler Open-cut method Soil and Components Flowable Back-Fill Material) |
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(Video: Robert Stein - Introduction to Trench Protection 2023 - Neu) |
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Hydraulically bound backfill materials are particularly suitable for the combined installation of pipes and sewers. With conventional installation of pipelines, sufficient minimum distances are required for the necessary compaction of the soil. These are not required when installing the pipes with hydraulically bound backfill materials. The following pictures show a corresponding application. Reinforced concrete elements are used as installation aids. … |
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May 13, 2022 Course This course includes tutorial services and a final examination. The installation of water pipes, in particular, drains and sewers is worldwide in large part performed using the open cut method. This at first glance "simple" construction method is actually highly complex when used in urban areas and at large depths. The numerous boundary conditions, shoring-, and installation systems require extensive technical knowledge in order to ensure a high quality workmanship. The course consists of 5 modules on the following topics: 1. Geotechnical and hydrogeological Principles |
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Jun 20, 2022 Course This course includes tutorial services and a final examination. The installation of water pipes, in particular, drains and sewers is worldwide in large part performed using the open cut method. This at first glance "simple" construction method is actually highly complex when used in urban areas and at large depths. The numerous boundary conditions, shoring-, and installation systems require extensive technical knowledge in order to ensure a high quality workmanship. The course consists of 5 modules on the following topics: 1. Geotechnical and hydrogeological Principles |
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(Image: Open cut trench working space) The trench width has always been the subject of discussions due to its impact on the economic efficiency and the quality of pipe installation. The trench width should be dimensioned in such a way as to provide sufficient working space around the pipe. The working space is considered to be the area at the base of the trench measuring from the outside edges of the pipe to the inside edge of the shoring or the trench … |
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