The installation of pipelines using the open cut trench method has evolved massively since the first brick sewers were constructed. Each of these developments revolutionized the efficiency of installation. The image shows key efficiency drivers of modern open cut construction. These include construction equipment for loosening and moving soil and rock but also for lifting loads, factory-prefabricated pipes made of almost any material and in all pipe dimensions, trench shoring equipment such as linear shoring systems with roller frame, compaction equipment and, most recently, new trench filling materials such as flowable backfill.