Sapphire and ceramic have proven to be very water resistant materials, however ceramics inserts have shown to have a longer life span when used with very contaminated flushing water.

• Titanium Ceramic: This ceramic is comprised of nearly pure alumina. The additions of titanium oxide and other additives produce a very fine grain structure that exhibits higher strength values ​​than pure oxide ceramic (Al₂O₃).
  • Mohs hardness: 9 

• White ceramic: With this type of ceramic the aluminum oxide is added as chrome.
  • Mohs hardness: <7.5 

• Black ceramic: This ceramic consists of silicon oxide. There is also the so-called non-oxidizing ceramic made of silicon nitrite. They have a high resistance to thermal shock, which is not a factor in sewer flushing.
  • Mohs hardness: <7.8