UNITRACC - Underground Infrastructure Training and Competence Center

Standards for the lining of steel pipes

(Table: European standards for the lining of steel pipes (as at 10.2008))

May 15, 2020

Internal corrosion protection

For the internal corrosion protection of steel pipes, use is usually made of a cement mortar lining or coating (CM lining) to DIN 2614 or to EN 10298 and DIN 2880 which will wholly or partly replace DIN 2614. There are two variants:

Standard lining with blast furnace or Portland cement with a high sulphate resistance for drinking-, utility-, drainage- or sea-water
Special lining with resin-blended cement mortar for strongly cement-aggressive acids …

May 15, 2020

Pipe joints

When using steel pipes as jacking pipes, the connection of the individual pipes is generally achieved by means of non-restrained and tensile restrained butt welded joints.

(Image: Attention!)

Rust, dust, paint, oil, grease, moisture and other kinds of soiling must be removed in connection with the preparation of the welding seam. After welding the welding seam must be tested in a destruction-free manner and must be protected against corrosion …

May 15, 2020

Material combination reinforced-concrete-steel

Jacking pipes of reinforced concrete with steel have only been on the market for a few years and up to now have only been used in the nominal size DN/ID 1200 for pressurized water pipes.

(Image: Reinforced concrete with steel jacking pipe DN/ID 1200 [FI-Gollw] - View)

May 15, 2020

Steel

May 15, 2020

Cast iron pipes

(Image: Production of a cast iron pipe)

Ductile cast iron is a ductile iron-carbon material whose carbon content mainly consists of graphite in free form. Ductile cast iron differs from the grey cast iron used earlier mainly due to the form of the graphite particles [FGR83].

Grey cast iron contains laminated graphite; ductile cast iron contains graphite spheres. The mechanical properties are greatly influenced by the shape of the graphite; grey …

May 15, 2020

Material properties

(Table: Material properties for ductile cast iron pipes to EN 545 (water piping) [DINEN545a], EN 598 (drains and sewers) [DINEN598], EN 969 (Gas piping) [DINEN969])

May 15, 2020

Standards for ductile cast iron pipes

(Table: European standards for ductile cast iron pipes (as at 10.2008))

May 15, 2020

Ductile cast iron pipes - design variants

Jacking pipes of ductile cast iron are manufactured in the centrifugal casting process in rotating, water cooled chill moulds and are used in the following forms:

Ductile cast pipes with integral socket
Ductile cast iron jacking pipes with jackets
Jacking pipes of reinforced concrete with cast iron
Ductile cast iron jacking pipes

(Image: Ductile cast iron jacking pipes with cement mortar jackets [Mayr96])

May 15, 2020

Ductile cast iron pipes with cast-on socket

Ductile cast iron pipes with a cast-on socket form the only exception among jacking pipes which do not have a smooth outer contour according to the definition.

(Image: Attention!)

Pipes of these shapes are only suitable for pulling-in in connections with Horizontal Directional Drilling with fluid support or for pulling-in in casing and host pipes as well as for utility ducts. A condition for their use in pull-in applications without exception is …

May 15, 2020

Corrosion protection

Unprotected and earth-covered piping of ductile cast iron can be damaged by corrosion from the outside and inside when they come into contact with oxygen-enriched watery media, so that such pipes must be provided with an outer and inner corrosion protection when used in water or sewage sectors.

(Image: Hole corrosion - pitting)

May 15, 2020

Standards of coating and lining of cast pipes

(Table: European standard for the coating and lining of cast pipes (as at 10.2008))

May 15, 2020

Internal and external corrosion

(Image: Cast pipe with internal corrosion protection in the form of cement mortar lining)

The internal corrosion protection must be established by cement mortar lining according to DIN 2880 and EN 545.

[ [DIN2880:1999]] [ [DINEN545:2002]]

(Image: Cast pipe with external corrosion protection in the form of cement mortar coating)

For external corrosion protection, coatings of polyethylene films, cement mortar or zinc with a protective sheathing are …

May 15, 2020

Demands on external protection

(Image: Casing pipes [FI-Steina])

Casing pipes:
External protection can be dispensed with if the product pipe installed within is self-bearing and if the annular space is completely filled to prevent internal corrosion. Otherwise, for the casing pipe the descriptions regarding product pipes apply.

(Image: Bundled installation inside the host pipe [FI-Steina])

Host pipes:
Here correspondingly, the descriptions regarding host pipes apply.

…

May 15, 2020

Ductile cast iron

May 15, 2020

Glass-fibre reinforces plastics - GRP

(Image: Installation of a GRP jacking pipe)

(Image: GRP jacking pipe)

Glass fibre reinforced plastics - GRP (UP) belongs to the class of duroplastic synthetic materials that can no longer be melted under the influence of temperature. The starting materials for GRP jacking pipes are reaction resins (epoxide-, vinylestere or unsaturated polyester resin) as binders, glass as well as quartz sand and calcium carbonate flour as additives. The two latter …

May 15, 2020

European standards for GRP pipes

(Table: European standards for GRP pipes (as at 10.2008))

Table 3: Other Standards and Guidelines

ASTM D3262 - 20 Standard Specification for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Sewer Pipe. Retrieved from
https://www.astm.org/Standards/D3262.htm

ASTM D3754 - 19 Standard Specification for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Sewer and Industrial Pressure Pipe. Retrieved from https://www.astm.org/Standards/…

May 15, 2020

Material properties

(Table: Material properties for GRP)

May 15, 2020

Manufacture of GRP pipes - centrifugal casting process

In centrifugal casting process, polyester resin (UP resin, at least type 1130 of the DIN 16946-2 [ [DIN16946:1989]]), cut glass fibres of 2.5 - 5 cm length of almost boron-free and alkaline free silicate glass (E-glass) to DIN 61855 [ [DIN61855:1987]], as well as the fillers are added simultaneously or in any desired sequence to the rotating chill mould by a special additive arm, so that a special layer structure adapted to the requirements is achieved […

May 15, 2020

Corrosion resistance

(Image: Attention!)

(Image: Checking the corrosion resistance as part of a long-term crown pressure test)

The corrosion resistance of the GRP multi-component material is directly connected with the resistance of the resins used.

If fibres project out of the resin layer or if this layer is not diffusion-proof or if cracks are present, then aggressive media from the sewage or the sewer atmosphere can migrate along the fibres due to the capillary effect …

May 15, 2020

Pipe joints

The design of the pipe joints depends on the nominal size. Use is made of non-restrained, flexible socket and spigot joints with GRP or single-sided fixed stainless steel guide rings in combination with elastomeric sealing profiles.

(Table: Overview of the different pipe joints of GRP jacking pipes)

(Image: Pipe joints for GRP jacking pipes manufactured with the centrifugal casting process of type HOBAS Rohre GmbH to DIN 19565 [FI-Hobasc] - Stainless …

May 15, 2020

Pressure transfer ring

(Image: Attention!)

With centrifugal casting GRP jacking pipes, the use of pressure transfer rings can generally be dispensed with as unevenesses and manufacturing tolerances under a compressive load are quickly equalized by the elasticity of the GRP. As a form of adhesion effect occurs between the pipe end faces with high thrust pressures, the steerability of the pipe string can be affected. For this reason for large planned steering movements, …

May 15, 2020

Glass fibre reinforced plastics - GRP (UP-GF)

May 15, 2020

PRC (polymer concrete)

Pipes made of polymer concrete (PRC)

PRC (polyester resin concrete, also called polymer concrete) jacking pipes according to DIN 54815 part 1 are made of a mixture of mineral and quartz additives in a reduced-pore grading curve to DIN 1045 and reaction resin based on unsaturated polyester resins (UP resins) with properties according to DIN 16946-2 [ [DIN54815:1998]] [ [DIN1045:2001]] [ [DIN16946-2:1989]].

The polyester resin is very resistant to aggressive media (pH range 1.0 to 10) …

May 15, 2020