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A plastic mesh fence is also not suitable for safeguarding purposes at construction sites. The guidelines for the protection of the workplaces within the traffic right of way [RSA95] list the following reasons in this respect:

  • Not a barricade described by the RSA and Highway Code

  • No retroreflection

  • Insufficient stability

  • Would collapse if fallen on by a person

  • Steel pin (1) posses an additional risk

(Image: Impermissible fall protection - Plastic …

A steel construction fence alone is also insufficient for safeguarding purposes at a construction site. The guidelines for the protection of the workplaces within the traffic right of way [RSA95] list the following reasons in this respect:

  • Not a barricade described by the RSA and Highway Code

  • No retroreflection

  • Often insufficient safety distance (1)

  • Foot plates pose a trip hazard (2)

(Image: Impermissible fall protection by means of a site fence …

A steel construction fence simply provides an "enclosure" of the construction site. Compared to the plastic mesh fence and barrier tape, it provides an effective fall protection, but does not suffice on its own to safeguard a construction site.

From the point of view of traffic law, the steel construction fence always has to be marked by means of barrier elements and hazard warning lamps. The steel construction fence does not suffice on its own [RSA95].

Examples of the proper use of a site fence in combination with barrier elements and hazard warning lamps.

(Image: Safeguarding by means of a site fence, guiding reflector posts (distance from one to the next max. 33 ft (10 m)), guideline and hazard warning lamps of the type WL1 or WL2 on every other guiding reflector post)
(Image: Safeguarding by means of a site fence, guide barriers with small guiding reflector posts (distance from one to the next …

The following minimum distances are always to be kept:

6 in (0.15 m) in a transverse direction
12 in (0.3 m) in a longitudinal direction

If these minimum distances are impossible to keep, other safeguarding measurers have to be implemented!

[RSA95]

(Image: Safeguarding with barrier planks inclusive of the minimum required distance from the fall-risk zone)

For reasons of safety, excavations and trenches with sloping walls, as well as sloped edges, are only to be accessed after the stability of the earth or rock walls is ensured. This also holds true for excavations and trenched yet to be lined, for as long as the respective shoring has not been inserted [DIN4124:2002].

In addition, according to [DIN4124:2002], protective strips have to be established around the edge of the excavation or trench, as well as at access points.

These protective strips have to be at least 2 ft (0.61 m) in width, preferably horizontal and have to be kept free of excavation material and other obstacles.

(Image: Safeguarding of trenches and shafts without lining for depths > 4 ft / 1.25 m and ≤ 6 ft / 1.75 m in accordance with [DIN4124c] – …

Animation: Exercise Work safety - Minimum working distance [Animation: visaplan GmbH]. This interactive object is only visible in the online version of the module.

Animation: Exercise Work safety - Excavator – Danger zone [Animation: visaplan GmbH]. This interactive object is only visible in the online version of the module.

Animation: Exercise Work safety - Traffic control [Animation: visaplan GmbH]. This interactive object is only visible in the online version of the module.

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May 13, 2019

Modules

The aspects of occupational health and safety that must be taken into account in the context of civil engineering work, especially in the construction of pipelines and sewers using the open cut method, are very diverse. They harbor a considerable potential for danger for those working on the construction site, but also for uninvolved persons.

After completing this module, you will have knowledge regarding:

  • risks and hazardous areas;
  • securing construction sites in traffic areas;
  • tools and equipment for safe working.

Publication with friendly permission of the MUNLV NRW, Düsseldorf, Germany.

Imprint

Editor
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stein & Partner GmbH
Konrad-Zuse-Str. 6
D-44801 Bochum
Phone: 0049-234-5167-0
Fax: 0049-234-5167-119
office@stein.de
www.stein.de

Compilation and Editing
University-Professor Dietrich Stein
Ansgar Brauer

Picture Editors
visaplan GmbH, Bochum
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stein & Partner GmbH, Bochum

This guideline was originally published in German by the Ministry for Environment …

(Image: Dr.-Ing. Robert Stein)

To the proper development of new construction areas also belongs the sewage disposal, of course. Also in the future it will remain necessary to build sewers new within the scope of site development. When rehabilitating sewers, which will be one of the main tasks of the local authorities, municipalities or sewer operators in the future, to an increasing degree a new line is chosen in dependence on its load and its condition, …

(Image: Disadvantages of the open cut method for installing drains and sewers (Part 1) [GSTT])
(Image: Disadvantages of the open cut method for installing drains and sewers (Part 2) [GSTT])

According to latest estimations [Dohma97], in the Federal Republic of Germany approximately 2000 km of sewers will have to be newly installed each year until 2015 with an investment volume of over 1.2 billion € per year. Over 80% of these sewers are < DN/ID …

For planning, draft, call for tenders, construction preparation, realisation, final acceptance and billing of construction measures for the new installation of sewers by means of trenchless installation, all EN standards and regulations by the DWA (German Association for Water, Wastewater and Waste e.V., since November 2004 called ATV or ATV-DVWK), which are valid in the Federal Republic of Germany for the planning and construction of drain and sewer …

(Image: mts 400 method - pilot pipe jacking in two phases - 1st phase: pilot boring by means of soil displacement with reference to [FI-mts] [Image: S&P GmbH])
(Image: mts 400 method - pilot pipe jacking in two phases - 2nd phase: reaming boring by means of soil removal and jacking of the product pipes with reference to [FI-mts] [Image: S&P GmbH])

(e.g. methods mts 400 [FI-mts], RVS 80 and 160 [FI-Wirthb], BM 300, 400 and 500 [FI-Bohrt], PBA …

(e.g. methods mts 400 [FI-mts], RVS 80 and 160 [FI-Wirthb], BM 300, 400 and 500 [FI-Bohrt], PBA 85 [FI-Schmi])

(Image: mts 400 method - pilot pipe jacking in three phases - 1st phase: pilot boring by means of soil displacement with reference to [FI-mts] [Image: S&P GmbH]) (Image: mts 400 method - pilot pipe jacking in three phases - 2nd phase: reaming boring by means of soil removal and jacking of the temporary pipes with reference to [FI-mts] […

(e.g. method BM 500 [FI-Bohrt])

(Image: 1st phase: pilot boring by means of soil removal with reference to [FI-Bohrt] [Image: S&P GmbH]) (Image: 2nd phase: reaming boring and jacking of the product pipes with reference to [FI-Bohrt] [Image: S&P GmbH])

Method of operation and sequence

1st phase: steered pilot boring (bore hole diameter 419 mm) to the target shaft according to the soil removal principle with the help of a jacking station installed …

In general the following techniques of unmanned, steerable pilot pipe jacking, in the literature also known as guided boring, are applied, whereas the jacking is always carried out in two (Abschnitt 3.1.1.1) (Abschnitt 3.1.2) or a maximum of three (Abschnitt 3.1.1.2) sequential phases:

  • Pilot boring, by means of soil displacement and reaming boring by means of soil removal
    Two-phase jacking (Abschnitt 3.1.1.1)
    Three-phase jacking (Abschnitt 3.1.1.2)…

(e.g. methods mts 1000 [FI-mts], RVS 100 A and 250 A [FI-Wirthb])

(Image: Microtunnelling with auger spoil removal in single phase jacking) (Image: Microtunnelling with auger spoil removal in single phase jacking - Variant: driving the cutting head with the spiral conveyor) (Image: Microtunnelling with auger spoil removal in single phase jacking - Variant: direct driving of the cutting head and separately driven spiral conveyor)

Method of operation …

(e.g. methods AVN [FI-Herreb], mts 1000 [FI-mts], RVS 100 AS and 250 AS [FI-Wirthb], MTB-S [FI-Hazem])

(Image: Microtunnelling with hydraulic spoil removal in single phase jacking)

Method of operation and sequence

Microtunnelling with hydraulic spoil removal is characterized by the jacking of pipes with simultaneous full-face excavation of the mechanically and liquid pressure balanced working face. Further features are a cutting head and continuous …