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Apr 03, 2012 WWF Report: Water Conflict – Myth or Reality Sub-National / -Basin & Local Freshwater Resource Management At this point, the “Tragedy of the Commons,” which argues that users of a common-pool resource (in this case, water) will inevitably overuse the resource upon which they depend to the point of destruction, has been proven false, most notably by the work of Elinor Ostrom who has found that “successful management involves resources that are effectively managed by small to relatively large groups living within a single country, which involve nested … |
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Apr 03, 2012 WWF Report: Water Conflict – Myth or Reality Sub-National / -Basin & Local Freshwater Resource Management Strengthening Local Management by Establishing Lake Naivasha Water Resources User Associations (Batula Awale, WWF Kenya) |
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Hopefully within the next three years, 11 remaining countries will ratify the UN Watercourses Convention at which point, a global convention would be in force that specifically covers transboundary watercourses according to international law. A Secretariat would then need to be set up to promote and facilitate the implementation of the Convention, which would take a minimum of two years due to the need to gather sufficient medium-term funding and … |
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The competition for ground and surface water resources will intensify significantly in the future. Irrigation areas will expand, more biofuel crops will be grown, and hydropower development will surge. So far, only few developing countries and emerging economies have established regulations on the maintenance of environmental flows or modern water allocation approaches in their constitution and water laws (like Australia, Mexico, Spain, and South … |
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The closer one gets to the local level, the more prominent the conflicts will be intertwined with the social web and particular competing interests of local people, businesses, and other stakeholders. Sub-national / -basin and local level actors are both impacted by national or provincial level planning as well as triggering water conflict situations themselves through illegal abstraction, pollution, and regulating water courses or lakes. In many … |
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Groundwater is in many regions of the world a resource widely and extensively used and very often over-abstracted, but groundwater aquifer management and basic monitoring is not really implemented in most of the developing world and even the developed one. Downward trends are recorded at the local and even regional levels where groundwater resources are used. However, because many groundwater systems have not been explored and assessed sufficiently … |
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Achieving the human right to water and the MDG water and sanitation targets will continue to be a serious challenge in many regions of the world. Sub-Saharan Africa, with its continuously growing population and urbanization will require special attention. While the international community will continue to debate financial resource mobilization so that efforts can be increased, at least the sanitation target will not be achieved in the coming years … |
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Key to conflict prevention and resolution at all levels is a sound, comprehensive, and participatory river or lake basin plan at the basin, sub-basin, and local level that involves all relevant stakeholders. Pre-condition to any planning exercise is a comprehensive assessment of the water resources available over time, their status and the trends, and data gathering / analysis / interpretation that includes an understanding of current water use and … |
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ECOSYSTEM SERVICES – The benefits people obtain from ecosystems:
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(Table: Acronyms) |
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Mar 21, 2012 |
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(Image: Water distribution on Earth) “Water is essential for achieving sustainable development and the Millennium Development Goals. Properly managing water resources is an essential component of growth, social and economic development, poverty reduction and equity – all essential for achieving the Millennium Development Goals” [Unesc]. From a chemical point of view, water (H2O) is a compound consisting of two hydrogen atoms (H) and one oxygen atom (… |
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According to [DIN4049-3], the hydrologic cycle is the permanent changing of water in its state and location, with its main components being precipitation, runoff, evaporation and atmospheric transport of water vapour. In other words, the hydrologic cycle describes the continuous transport and storage of water on both a global and regional level, above and below the Earth’s surface. In the process, the water changes its aggregate state several times … |
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The hydrologic balance equation (in general also called water inventory or water budget equation) is a quantitative description of the natural hydrologic cycle, i.e. the interrelation between the components and environmental compartments of water (hydrosphere), soil (pedosphere) or air (Earth’s atmosphere). The components are:
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The regional hydrologic cycle is in a small way also influenced by the “urban hydrologic cycle” that is shaped by man. The mere development of urbanisation (the spread of the urban lifestyle) has a massive influence on the water balance and results in both quantitative and qualitative changes of the units to be balanced in the catchment area under observation. According to [Klinger2007], the main anthropogenic activities with negative effects on … |
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The proper functionality and leak-tightness of the drain and sewer system has a massive impact on the hydrologic cycle in urban areas, and thus also on both the quantity and quality of groundwater as a resource. Combined with the effects of the global climate change (global warming, climatic shifts), this fact becomes a national challenge. What is important in this context is to realise that due to the very distinct local and environmental conditions … |
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Oct 22, 2012 |
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