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In this case the redundancy is achieved by means of a mineral mixture originally developed for sealing waste dumps [Finst90] and this is introduced into the embedment and there, due to its structure, fulfils the role of bedding for the single-walled pipe, on the one hand, and the sealing and pollutant absorbing function on the other hand (Bild 6.4.2.1.3) (Bild 6.4.2.1.3).
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(Image: Section of a single walled sewer with drainpipes [ATVM146]) Wastewater sewers are built into a concrete bed and bedded with drainage gravel whereby the required bedding conditions are fulfilled and a filter body is built up at the same time. Parallel to this, the drainpipes are laid on a profiled concrete layer. The whole gravel body is surrounded by filter stable geo-textile (Bild 6.4.2.1.4). The wastewater sewer and the drainpipes pass in … |
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(Image: Manhole installation for single-walled sewers according to [ATVM146]) The creation of manholes is subject to DIN 19549 [DIN19549] as well as the ATV working sheets A 139E [ATVA139b] and A 241 [ATVA241c] (Abschnitt 1.8). All manhole components including the connections must be able to withstand a continuous internal and external pressure of 0 to 0.5 bar. Corresponding requirements must be agreed upon for higher loads [ATVA142a]. Arrangements … |
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Nov 24, 2004 Rehabilitation and Maintenance of Drains and Sewers Technical Requirements Regarding New Piping, Rehabilitation and Maintenance According to [ATVA142a], the following facts must be considered beyond the special requirements of stability, and operational safety:
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Feb 16, 2011 Rehabilitation and Maintenance of Drains and Sewers Technical Requirements Regarding New Piping, Rehabilitation and Maintenance The laying of pipes and other prefabricated components in water catchment areas are subject to DIN 4033 [DIN4033:1979], ATV-A 139E [ATVA139b] and, since 1997, EN 1610 [DINEN1610:1997]. In addition, the following must be considered according to [ATVA142a] :
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Feb 16, 2011 Rehabilitation and Maintenance of Drains and Sewers Technical Requirements Regarding New Piping, Rehabilitation and Maintenance
Special … |
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Nov 24, 2004 The fulfilment of the "Controllable Protective Measures" mentioned in Abschnitt 6.4.1, which exclude the disadvantageous influencing of the groundwater can be realised, according to [ATVA142a] [MULUF84] by the following methods of processing for sewers:
In order to avoid misunderstandings, the term "double-walled … |
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Feb 16, 2011 In water catchment zone III, the laying and operation of sewers is generally permissible as long as the necessary measures for protection of the water are carried out. This is equally valid for the construction and operation of structures of the drain and sewer network such as manholes, pumping installations, precipitation overflow and retention ponds [ATVA142a]. With regards to drainage through-pipe and a lowering or seepage of wastewater, the DVGW … |
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Feb 16, 2011 Rehabilitation and Maintenance of Drains and Sewers Technical Requirements Regarding New Piping, Rehabilitation and Maintenance The requirements according to ATV-A 142E [ATVA142a] for planning and execution of sewer work in water catchment zone III hardly deviate from those for sewers outside of water catchment areas. Only the requirements in Abschnitt 6.4.2.2 for the execution must be considered. In contrast to this, the Federal Ministry for water and waste (StAWA) in Dusseldorf makes detailed requirements [Düsse90] :
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Nov 24, 2004 Rehabilitation and Maintenance of Drains and Sewers Technical Requirements Regarding New Piping, Rehabilitation and Maintenance According to ATV-A 142E [ATVA142a] an optical inspection in a 5-year cycle is recommended for sewers in the protective zone III and for private sewers (drain systems), the 5-year cycle is mandatory. Corresponding to the condition and the loading of the installation, shorter intervals may be necessary. The flow is to be stopped immediately if damage to pipes or pipe joints is ascertained during inspection (deviation, retention, back-up). If necessary, … |
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Nov 24, 2004 Rehabilitation and Maintenance of Drains and Sewers Sewers in Water Catchment Areas - Special Requirements for Rehabilitation and Maintenance The above-mentioned requirements regarding the laying and operation of sewers must be transferred in the same sense to their rehabilitation, i.e. for damage of sewers in operation, they must be rehabilitated according to the existing requirements for water catchment areas [ATVA142a] [MULUF84] [Düsse90]. This means that, if necessary, existing systems must be separated or, in other words, the laterals, instead of being taken into the sewer must be … |
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Mar 22, 2011 A comprehensive overview of the state of technology in the area of sewer rehabilitation and maintenance with an emphasis on pipe materials and joints, defect types, causes and consequences, cleaning and inspection as well as a detailed description of the full spectrum of technologies for repair, renovation and replacement of drains and sewers. |
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While seemingly abundant, only 0.3% of the world’s water is readily available as a freshwater resource and 60% of this is found in nine of the world’s 196 countries. As the global population continues to grow, demand from agriculture, industry, and household use is placing unsustainable stress on freshwater systems. Climate change only exacerbates this further, making water availability more unpredictable and causing more frequent, widespread droughts … |
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Readily available freshwater is confined to a mere fraction of the world’s 2.5% freshwater supply; additionally, this unevenly distributed global resource is facing intense pressure though overextraction and unsustainable practices. Water conflicts can arise through inequitable sharing and has been witnessed at various geographical scales – local & sub-basin/-national, national, regional / transboundary, and global. The characteristics that make … |
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While it may seem that the earth has an abundance of water, only 2.5% is freshwater, and a mere 0.3% of that is readily available for human use (the majority stemming from groundwater aquifers, followed by lakes, reservoirs, rivers, and wetlands) [Vörösmarty et al., 2005]. On top of that, water is unequally distributed throughout the world – nine countries – Brazil, Russia, China, Canada, Indonesia, U.S., India, Columbia and the Democratic Republic … |
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Water use has been growing at more than the rate twice of population increase in the last century; in 60% of European cities with more than 100,000 people, groundwater is being used at a faster rate than it can be replenished [WBCSD, 2005]. The IPCC identifies the most important drivers of water use as population and economic development, and changing societal views on the value of water, which refers to the prioritization of domestic and industrial … |
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