(Image: Sequence of the renovation of sewers by means of lining with site manufactured and hardened pipes - Grouted-in-place lining process)

After TV inspection and measurement or calibration of the section of the sewer to be rehabilitated (Bild 5.3.2.4.2.2), the fabrication dimensions are determined for the HD-PE hoses to be installed (stud, preliner control hose).

The HD-PE courses are then cut to the respective length and the required circumferential …

The insertion of the individual hoses is carried out with the aid of an insertion installation whose erection is carried out as follows:

1. Erection of the deflection bend in the starting manhole
   The deflection bend erected in the starting manhole (sometimes replaced with a deflection roller) serves to change the direction and to ensure safe insertion of the folded hose into the section of the sewer.
2. Setting up the deformation unit (Bild 5.3.2.4.2.3) …

(Image: Working steps in the grouted-in-place lining process - Pulling-in the hoses)

Depending on the selected system, as mentioned earlier, one or more of the hoses wound on drums are pulled via the entry manhole into the section of the sewer to be rehabilitated. After reaching the target manhole, the hoses are closed off at both ends with sealing balloons (Bild 5.3.2.4.2.4) (Bild 5.3.2.4.2.4) (Bild 5.3.2.4.2.4) (Bild 5.3.2.4.2.4) (Bild 5.3.2.4.2.4)

Before starting the grouting of the annular space it must be sealed at the end faces at the start and target manholes (Bild 5.3.2.4.2.5). With the control and preliner hoses, this is achieved by extrusion welding the preliner with the stud hose (Bild 5.3.2.4.2.5).

In the basic version, the stud hose is welded with fleece coated HD-PE sleeves at the pipe ends.

Various manhole connecting systems based on HD-PE materials are available for the stud hose process depending on the requirements and the system used [FI-Troli].

One possibility of leaktight connecting the HD-PE liner for sections of the sewer of vitrified clay, GRP, concrete, etc. is the installation of a 2 to 5 mm and approx. 50 cm long fleece coated HD-PE sealing course. It is soaked in epoxy resin and pressed like a "short hose based on synthetic …

(Image: Top hat sleeve for the recreation of the branch connection)

The restoration of the branch connections is carried out analogously to Abschnitt 5.3.2.2.1 and Abschnitt 5.3.2.4.1 by the open cut or trenchless methods.

In the case under consideration, the trenchless method is available for sewers from DN 200 and laterals ≥ DN 100 with the utilisation, for instance, of a special top hat sleeve developed for the TROLINING^® system (Abschnitt 5.2.3.2.3). …

According to [ATVM143-3] and similarly to [Gütes96], measures for own supervision must be taken wherever the quality of the rehabilitation can be disadvantageously influenced, for instance by:

• Control and documentation of the cleaning, inspection, dimensioning and calibrating the section of the sewer to be rehabilitated.
• Entry control of the hoses to be inserted with information on parameters such as diameter, height of studs, welding parameters and …

Anchor Hose Process

In-situ concrete processes are used in sewers for creating self-supporting complete segmental linings consisting of a concrete or reinforced concrete shell which has no structural effective adhesion with the old sewer in order to prevent shrinking stresses.

The adhesive connection is prevented by means of surface treatment of the inner wall of the old sewer or by interposing a separating layer, foil or sealing course.

Depending on the type of mixing …

Vitrified clay plates have been used since the turn of the 20th Century as complete or partial segmental lining of concrete and reinforced concrete pipes as corrosion protection as well as an economical alternative to the masonry sewer [König02b] [Stein13].

The first vitrified clay plates had a length of 330 mm, a width of 110 or 115 mm, a height of 20 mm and had longitudinal ridges on the back in order to achieve a secure adhesion to the cement mortar …

The technical manufacturing difficulties …

The patented BLS system is based on glass fibre concrete channels (GRC) (Bild 5.3.2.5.1.3.1) (Bild 5.3.2.5.1.3.1) that are installed according to a special process (Bild 5.3.2.5.1.3.1) [Mülle82b]. The channels possess a groove and spring joint provided with a sealing strip that is so designed that slight changes in direction are equalised out.

Depending on nominal size and local conditions, prefabricated invert channels of reinforced concrete or glass fibre concrete (GRC) with a PVC-U lining can be used.

The prefabricated parts, also known under the designation BKU-GRC, are used for ovoid cross sections in sizes 600/900 to 1200/1800, for semi-circular channels DN 150 to DN 700 and for third-circle segments from DN 250 to DN 600. The wall thickness is approx. 18 mm; the length varies for …

PVC-U rib plates, also known as BKU invert channels, e.g. in the form of semi-circular or third-circle channels (DN 250 to DN 1000) or ovoid profile channels (600/900 to 1600/2400) are used for lining inverts as well as for later installation of a channel for dry-weather flow (Tabelle 5.3.2.5.1.4.1) [DINENISO527].

(Image: Invert plates of HD-PE - Spiralbauku system [FI-Bauku])

Spiral-bauku channels of HD-PE are fabricated in the sizes DN 400 to DN 1000 and lengths up to 6 m. They can be installed in an analogous manner to the BKU invert channels. The connections of the elements can be a butt joint or with socket and spigot (Bild 5.3.2.5.1.4.2).

(Image: Stud sheet with cross studs [Kölke96])

Invert linings made of concrete protective plates or stud plates are manufactured from HD-PE, PP and PVFD materials with thicknesses of 1.5 to 15 mm [Kölke96] [Neuwa91]. Depending on manufacturer, they possess anchor, round or cross studs (Bild 5.3.2.5.1.4.4) on the back (Abschnitt 5.3.2.4.2).

When installing, the plates are usually pushed up against each other and extrusion welded. Overlapping joints …

The plastics used for these linings are:

• PVC-U;
• GRP;
• PP;
• HD-PE;
• PVDF.

In addition, there are …

(Image: Lining the gas space with PVC ribbed foil - Dimensions of the PVC ribbed foil, Trocal system (Dynamit Nobel AG))

The first developments and tests of PVC foils occurred in the 40's of the 20^th Century in the USA. There they are known under the trade name T-Lock-Amer-Plates [FI-Amero]. Comparable products have been available in the Federal Republic of Germany since the middle of the 70's, e.g. under the designation Trocal-Dichtungsbahn Typ KST […