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For this module, it is important to be familiar with certain pipe bursting terms:

  • Bursting head: Tool used in the replacement of pipelines, which can be equipped with breakage-rails, cutting rollers or similar - dependent on the old pipe material. The bursting head can be a part of the expander head.

  • Expander head: The expander head is used for the displacement of the old pipeline into the surrounding subsoil, and for the creation of an open cross …

The insertion of a new pipe using the bursting process can be performed by pulling in a continuous pipe or by pulling in or pushing in segmental pipes. The former option requires the excavation of access pits and design calculations from an engineer. Therefore, the pulling-in of continuous pipelines will be discussed in greater detail.

Pulling-in of a continuous pipe

Pulling-in of discrete pipes with a smooth outer surface

Pushing-in of discrete pipes …

The pulling in technique involves the continuous insertion of the new pipe into an existing sewer or pipeline. This technique is identical to that of the pipe rehabilitation method referred to as sliplining. With pipe bursting, however, it is necessary to determine the load transverse to the pipe axis.

(Image: Illustration of the pneumatic pipe bursting - pulling-in of a continuous pipe) (Image: Illustration of the static pipe bursting - pulling-in …

Depending on its nominal size and material stiffness, the pipe is either rolled up completely on a coil reel or welded together on site using discrete long pipe sections.

(Image: HDPE discrete long pipes DA 20 in (500 mm))

(Image: HDPE pipe on a coil reel)

The pipe front tip is equipped with a pulling head, which is attached to the pulling cable and winch.

The tensile forces are transferred from the pulling head to the pipe through:

  • a bolted connection.

  • a welded connection (to a pull-in cone)

  • a flange assembly with welding collar

(Image: Conventional sliplining process with annular space - Design of pulling heads for pipes DN 6 in (140 mm) to 47 in (DN 1200 mm))

(Image: Temperatur)

Monitoring temperature variations when working with plastic pipes, particularly on hot summer days, is essential to prevent substantial variations in the pipe length.

To avoid this issue, it is recommended that the pipe insertion takes place in the early mornings, once the temperatures of the new pipes, the air, and the old pipes are almost the same.

(Image: Plus/Minus)

Depending on the old sewer or pipe depth, the construction of relatively long insertion pits is necessary to avoid very small bending radii and prevent damage to the new pipe.


(Image: Static pipe bursting - Pulling-in of the new pipeline)

The pit length can be determined using the following formula [DWA-M 143-13]:

(Formula: Die Baugrubeläange)
lG : Length of the insertion pit in [m]
hG : Depth of the pit (Pipe invert depth) [m]
R : Minimum bending radius in m (manufacturer specified)
(Image: Example design of an insertion pit for the insertion of plastic pipelines in a reference to [DWA-M143-13])

The length of the insertion pit is determined by several factors, the most relevant being the minimum radius of curvature RK [m] of the new pipe.

Plastic pipes are distorted during the bending process in such a way that the outside bend of the pipe (1) is elongated and the inside bend is compressed (2). Therefore, the pipe strain limits must be taken into account during the insertion process, and a distortion or stress analysis is to be completed.…

The determination of the elongation strain is carried out by means of the maximum tensile stress σz. For this, the determination of the σz is necessary at both the bursting head (1) as well as at the old pipe (2). The larger value is used for the elongation strain determination.

(Image: Static pipe bursting - Pulling-in of the new pipeline)

The elongation limits for various plastic materials free from residual stress (isotropic material) are presented in the table below. The limits for safe installation conditions (short-term, γ = 1.4) are also given in the table.

(Table: Elongation limits of various plastics [DVSM2205])

For PE pipes, the total outer bend elongation (from pulling and bending) may not exceed ε = 3 %. Due to the risk of buckling during compression, the max εK applies (see …

The limiting values specified in the following table apply for HDPE pipes (materials free from residual stress - isotropic material). Other materials require further verification.

(Table: Limiting values for PE-HD)

1. Diameter / wall thickness ratio (dL,a, dL,i  [mm] Outside-/Inside diameter of the pipe / liner).
2. Allowable bending radius.
3. Allowable compression reduced by for 3 % for stability purposes.
4. Allowable longitudinal tension reduced by
(Table: Material properties of plastics (excerpt from DWA-A 143-2))
1ASTM
Legend:
2 ) Determined from liner deformation measurements.
3 ) Compressive stresses can be a decisive factor, particularly for thin walled liners.
4 ) Tested in accordance with DIN 54852 (4- point bending creep test), test procedure according to DIN 53457 , test specimen manufactured according to DIN 16776-2.
5 ) Higher values ​​can be used in the calculation if they are approved …

(Image: Pipeline pulling force tension)

(Image: Pipeline pulling force angle)

The force required for the pulling in of the pipe is determined by:

  • The pipe mass (ḡL [kN/m]*l [m])

  • The friction between the new and old pipes (underground) and above ground (μG)

  • The friction against the guide rollers A1 and A2R)

  • The upward or downward gradient of the old pipe (φ[°])

  • The bends in the pipe(ß)

(Image: Static pipe bursting pulling force)

(→ Table: Equation …

Tensile forces from the friction between the new and the old pipe underground and above ground (coefficient μG)

Equation 1:

(Formula: Zugkraft aus Reibung des Rohrstranges im Altrohr Untergrund und auf dem Gelände)


(+ for insertion against the slope, - for insertion with the slope, L = Length of pipe)

Tensile force from the friction against the guide rollers (rolling friction, coefficient μR)

Equation 2:

(Formula: Zugkraft aus Reibung an Umlenkrollen (…

The table below provides the allowable tensile force for the pulling-in of HDPE and PE pipes.
(Table: Maximum permissible tensile forces for pipes made of PE 100)

(Table: Maximum permissible tensile forces for pipes made of PE 80)

Interpolation between the curves is allowed.
Input values​​:
hG / dL,a
Δh / dL,a

Pipeline weight: ḡL = AQ • YL [kN/m]

A1 = (A1/ ḡL) • ḡL 
A2 = (A2/ ḡL) • ḡL 

(→ Table: Equation variables) of mathematical variables

(Image: Chart A1 / 6 bearing forces of PE pipes SDR 21 (SN 8) on the old pipe(A1) and the edge of the pit (A2))