UNITRACC - Underground Infrastructure Training and Competence Center

Renovation: Lining with Continuous Pipes - Part I – Fundamentals

Advantages and disadvantages

Disadvantages of lining with continuous pipes

(Image: Pros and cons)

Conventional lining with continuous pipes

Relatively long pulling-in excavation required depending on the depth of the sewer to be rehabilitated

(Image: Conventional sliplining process with annular space with reference to [FI-Teerb] - Depiction of principle [Image: S&P GmbH])

Feb 28, 2006

Renovation: Lining with Continuous Pipes - Part I – Fundamentals

This module deals with the basic principles of lining with continuous pipes processes as well as their terminological definitions, limiting conditions and areas of application.

Jan 01, 1900

Today, supply and discharge lines are still predominantly installed by using the open-cut method: a trench is dug, the lines are installed. Under the protection of an embankment or sheeting and the trench is filled afterwards.

In the face of the numerous disadvantages as well as the citizens' growing environmental consciousness in the future it is urgently necessary to take trenchless technology into account much stronger than until today as an alternative …

Sep 11, 2008

Definition shaft and building pit

(Image: Starting and target shafts)

Shaft:
Depression in the ground surface that is created by sinking (excavation or vertical boring), with suitable securing, that serves for the underground creation of bore holes with the aid of the methods of trenchless installation and for the transport of humans, machines, substances (spoil, air for ventilation, water, bentonite suspension, etc.) and auxiliary materials (pipes, cables, hoses) as well as power …

Sep 11, 2008

Definition shaft construction and securing

(Image: Starting and target shafts)	Shaft construction: Method for sinking and securing of shafts [Olsha91].

Support (or securing): Measures taken to prevent the collapse of the shaft (with reference to [DS853]) [Stein05a].

Sep 11, 2008

Classification of shafts

In trenchless installation, it is differentiated between:

Starting shaft
Target shaft
Intermediate shaft

(Image: Construction phases of the trenchless installation of sewers on the model of microtunnelling - Phase 2 (Jacking))

Sep 11, 2008

Definition starting, target and intermediate shaft

(Image: Starting and target shafts)	Starting shaft: An auxiliary construction in the form of a shaft from which the jacking is started (based on [DS853]) [Stein05a].
Target shaft: An auxiliary construction in the form of a shaft in which the jacking ends (also called destination shaft) (based on [DS853]) [Stein05a].
Intermediate shaft: Auxiliary structure in the form of a shaft which is passed through planned (e.g. for maintenance, tool change, …

Sep 11, 2008

Starting shaft

(Image: Starting and target shafts)

For instance, in microtunnelling and pipe jacking, the following occurs at the starting shaft:

Installation of the (main) jacking station and the abutment for introducing the jacking forces into the subsoil
Positioning the microtunnelling or shield machine
Installation of the fixed portions of the measuring system
Installation of the individual jacking pipes
Discharging the spoil excavated at the working face …

Sep 11, 2008

Target shaft

(Image: Starting and target shafts)

The duties of a target shaft are greatly determined by the methods in use. In microtunnelling and pipe jacking, it is used mainly for removing the microtunnelling or shield machine.

Target shafts are not used, for instance with blind boring, in the creation of service pipes by means of boring with underground connection to a pipe and sea outfalls in which the microtunnelling or shield machine is removed under …

Sep 11, 2008

Intermediate shaft

(Image: Starting and target shafts)	Intermediate shafts are used for long jacking lengths in order to carry out planned works such as a change of excavation tools or other maintenance measures to the microtunnelling or shield machine.
(Image: View into an intermediate shaft) Example of an intermediate shaft

Sep 11, 2008

Terminology and definitions

Sep 11, 2008

Shafts

(Image: Planning)

In trenchless installation, shafts are the only structures that must be installed in the open-cut method of construction.

(Image: Attention!)

In the interest of minimising the environmental disturbance as well as the construction costs associated with this, great importance is attached to the following planning aspects:

Selection of the location
Quantity
Form and dimensions
Shaft construction method and support.

Sep 11, 2008

Shafts - selection of the location and the number

(Image: Attention!)

In the lay out of the line the concerns of the jacking method to be applied must be taken into consideration:

short or long distance jacking project
usage of a starting or target shaft for the jacking of several distances

(Image: Utilisation of a shaft for several jackings [Stein05a])

The locality and the number of shafts are greatly influenced by the lay out of the planned line to be jacked.

Sep 11, 2008

Jacking by means of an underground starting and target galleries

If starting and target shafts cannot be installed into the line axis directly, it is possible to create underground starting and target galleries, which are served from an access shaft sidewise of the line.

(Image: Jacking with the aid of underground start and target galleries with reference to [Ito98] [Image: S&P GmbH])

Sep 11, 2008

Shafts - shape and dimensions

The shape and dimensions of shafts should be planned and built under the aspect of minimising expected emissions and construction costs as well as work and health protection.	(Image: Cross sectional shapes of starting and target shafts)
(Image: Attention!) Shafts in which work is carried out must have sufficient working space. The dimensions of the working space depend on the slope angle, lining, equipment, type of pipe and method of working […

Sep 11, 2008

Length and width and/or diameter (starting shaft)

(Table: Dimensions of starting shafts - important parameters [FI-Steina])
(Image: Starting shaft dimensions for jacking pipes of 2.43 m lenght for rectangular shape of shaft and sheet pile wall lining for pre-defined microtunnelling or shield machine and jacking station [FI-Toyot])	(Image: Starting shaft dimensions for jacking pipes of 2.43 m lenght for rectangular shape of shaft with semi-circular rounded faces and lining of liner plates for pre-…

Sep 11, 2008

Length and width and/or diameter (target shaft)

(Table: Dimensions of target shafts - important parameters [FI-Steina])
(Image: Target shaft dimensions for square shape of shaft and sheet pile wall lining for pre-defined microtunnelling or shield machine and jacking station [FI-Toyot])	(Image: Target shaft dimensions for circular shape of shaft and lining with liner plates for pre-defined microtunnelling or shield machine and jacking station [FI-Toyot])

Sep 11, 2008

Work space widths in shafts when installing manholes

(Image: Working space widths for the erection of structures in building pits with reference to [TBG93a])

Sep 11, 2008

Shaft depths

(Image: Attention!)

The depth of the shaft depends on the pipe to be jacked, the soil removal concept of the jacking method and the structural conditions of the shaft excavation (buoyancy prevention, embedded length etc.).

(Table: Application possibilities …

Sep 11, 2008

Methods for securing shafts

(Image: Methods for securing shafts [Stein05a])

Sep 11, 2008

Fundamentals

Sep 12, 2008

Universal shaft construction

Definition universal shaft construction

Universal shaft construction:
Construction of unlined and lined shafts in accordance with DIN 4124, which are excavated manually or mechanically [Stein05a].

In principle, one distinguishes in universal shaft construction between:

Unlined shafts
Shafts with removable linings
Shafts with non-removable linings

[DIN4124:2012]

(Image: Securing of trenches and shafts without lining with reference to [DIN4124c] - Vertical sloped walls)

(Image: Standard …

Sep 12, 2008

Universal shaft construction

Selection of a suitable type of lining in universal shaft construction

(Image: Diagram for the selection of a suitable lining type in universal shaft construction)

Sep 11, 2008