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Full linings serve to restore or enhance resistance against physical, chemical, biochemical and/or biological attacks, prevent the formation of new incrustations, and restore and/or increase the static load-bearing capacity and water tightness.
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A distinction is made between the following lining techniques:
Full lining (Image: Lining with prefabricated pipes) (Image: Lining with site manufactured pipes) (Image: Lining with site manufactured and hardened pipes) Lining with prefabricated segments (Image: … |
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(Image: Icon: Recht) 1. Lining Tube A flexible tube consisting of carrier material, resin system, and optional membranes and/or reinforcement. These components are combined before the tube is inserted into the pipe to be lined [ISO 11296-4]. 2. CIPP Product (Cured-in-Place Pipe Product) A cured-in-place pipe of a specific design, produced from a liner made of specified materials. The wall structure is uniquely defined for each diameter/wall thickness … |
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(Image: Picto Lining with cured in place pipes) In the lining procedure using cured-in-place pipes (CIPP), a prefabricated, flexible tube (referred to as a lining tube) is inserted into the sewer section to be renovated. The lining tube consists of carrier material and, if applicable, reinforcement material, and may include internal or external membranes (e.g., foils or coatings). Once in place, the lining tube is pressed against the inner wall of … |
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The rehabilitation objectives for lining with cured-in-place pipes (CIPP) align with the general objectives of other lining techniques. These objectives are detailed in the following table: (Table: Rehabilitation objectives and requirements for lining techniques) |
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Durability, in the strict sense, refers to the resistance of the CIPP liner to external, foreseeable influences throughout its service life. Evidence of durability can be demonstrated through performance tests or derived from practical experience and long-term observations. Important: The economically reasonable service life for a CIPP liner is currently set at 50 years, during which no repair costs should arise. This assumes that all required tests … |
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The CIPP liner is a composite system consisting of:
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1. Internal membrane (foil or coating): The separating layer that forms the inner wall of the CIPP liner after installation. 2. External membrane (foil or coating): The separating layer that forms the outer wall of the CIPP liner after installation. Inner and outer membranes usually consist of:
During installation, … |
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The resins used for the CIPP are classified as duromers, as they consist of closely cross-linked polymers (macromolecules). These resins are considered insoluble, slightly swellable, and chemically very resistant. They therefore meet the fundamental requirements for use in sewer rehabilitation. The cured resin has a decisive influence on the deformation resistance and load-bearing capacity of the CIPP product. Duromers (also called thermosets), are … |
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For the lining tube, unsaturated polyester resins (UP), epoxy resins (EP), or vinyl ester resins (VE) are generally used. The resistance of the resin systems must be proven by their suitability for use in the municipal sewage sector. Only resin systems that are hydrolysis-resistant and insensitive to moisture in the cured state are to be used [DWAA143-3:2014]. Pigmentation to control mixing and/or resin impregnation is permissible. When selecting the … |
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EP resins are primarily used for lining tubes in the field of house connection renovation and are often coloured (e.g., blue, purple). Lining tubes for house connection renovation are not the subject of this module. (Image: Lining tube for house connection renovation with dyed EP resin (pink)) (Image: Lining tube for house connection renovation with dyed EP resin (blue)) |
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(Table: Resin systems used for cured-in-place lining [Steinb]) |
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The polyester resins (UP), epoxy resins (EP) or vinyl ester resins (VE) listed in the table are preferably used. The composition of the resin systems used must be described in the suitability certificate. (Table: Preferred resin types [DWA-A143-3]) |
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For all resins except epoxy resins, curing is triggered by different types of initiators, which can be categorized into two main types: 1. Thermal Initiators
2. Photoinitiators
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UP and VE Resins: Composition and Curing Unsaturated polyester (UP) and vinylester (VE) resins are typically dissolved in a reactive diluent, most commonly styrene. To enable curing, initiators are added to these resins, which differ based on the curing method:
[ZKS-Hein] How the Curing Process Works When exposed to a specific temperature range or ultraviolet (UV) light |
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The curing process of epoxy (EP) resins differs fundamentally from that of UP and VE resins. It is not a polymerization, but rather a polyaddition reaction. In this process, special hardener systems are used, consisting of two components:
These systems can cure even at ambient temperature. However, the curing process can be accelerated or controlled by applying heat. On-Site Impregnation Because the EP resin reacts directly upon contact … |
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(Image: Carrier material neu) Carrier materials are processed into tubes, and after impregnation with the appropriate resin system, they form the lining tube. These materials are divided into two groups:
In some cases, combinations of these materials are also used. (Table: Carrier materials based on [Siebe03]) |
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Carrier materials often consist of polymeric fibres, also referred to as synthetic fibre felt or polyester needle felt. These materials are typically made from:
When combined with resin, polymeric fibres can have a weakening effect due to their high flexibility. This flexibility results in a lower achievable modulus of elasticity |
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Carrier materials often include glass fibres, which can be of the following types: Types "E", "C", "R", "E-CR". In combination with the resin, glass fibres have a reinforcing effect because:
Glass fibres are typically available in the following forms:
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Only textile fibres free of softeners may be used. The seam or overlap areas of the carrier material must not impair the properties of the lining tube. For lining tubes with a multi-layer structure, any joints or overlaps must be arranged in an offset (staggered) pattern. (Image: Carrier material - Test sample of a polymeric fibre CIPP (ohne metadata)) (Image: Carrier material - Test sample of a glass fibre CIPP (ohne metadata)) |
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