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(Image: Creation of the core bore by means of a core drilling machine rectangular and central to the axis of the sewer [FI-DS])

When connecting a lateral which has been laid in a line trench or by the trenchless method of construction by employing the open-cut method the section concerned of the sewer has to be excavated and secured by observing EN 1610 [DINEN1610:1997] [DINEN1610-1:1997], ATV-DVWKA 139E [ATVA139a] and DIN 4124 [DIN4124:2002].

Since …

In this rehabilitation measure, neither the manhole tops, nor the surrounding covering and carrier layers, are removed. There follows only the lifting or lowering of the frame that has previously been loosened with the aid of special mechanical or hydraulic machines (Bild 5.2.1.1.1) (Bild 5.2.1.1.1) (Bild 5.2.1.1.1) (Bild 5.2.1.1.1) [WPCFFD6] [NASSCO85a] [WPCF85].

(Image: Height regulation of a manhole top - Lifting the manhole frame to road surface)

The height levelling of manhole tops with removal is always carried out when the surrounding cover layer is also damaged by the formation of cracks, deformation, etc. (Bild 5.2.1.1).

As a rule, the repair is carried out by the removal of the surrounding covering and carrier layers as well as the damaged manhole top including possibly the supporting ring, if there is one, then the installing it again at the desired level.

Subsequently, the surrounding …

An important point in the repair of manholes is the replacement of corroded or broken climbing rungs (climbing irons, safety steps or ladders) (Abschnitt 1.8).

When installing, the installation instructions must be adhered to. It must be ensured that material, shape and step heights per manhole are the same (see ATV-A 137 [ATVA137]) and that the condition of the manhole wall is such that the exchange is permissible from a statics point of view.

The …

Because the structures of drain and sewer systems, and especially the manholes, are mostly constructed of concrete, reinforced concrete or brickwork, the following will deal exclusively with the local restoration of missing portions of these materials.

Such defective areas that can occur in the manhole walls, joints, connection regions, as well as in the benching and the channels, are, for instance:

  • Partial surface corrosion;
  • Ejection of the cover …
(Image: Section of a manhole top with reference to [DINEN124] resp. [DIN19549] [Image: S&P GmbH])
(Image: Positional deviation of the frame of a manhole top [City of Düsseldorf, Germany])

An important share of the repairs to manholes is the regulating and exchange of manhole tops because today, as compared to earlier, much greater demands are made on the evenness of the traffic lane and these are subject to higher loads due to the heavier traffic …

Repair measures to sewers from the outside involve especially the replacement of single or several damaged pipes.

In this case, after placing the section of the sewer out of action, the defective pipe region is exposed using the open cut method (Bild 5.2.1.2), a closer pipe piece with smooth ends is inserted and the new pipe joint is remade with the aid of sleeve joints (Bild 5.2.1.2) (Bild 5.2.1.2) [FI-Naylo] [FI-Stein93].

(Image: Replacing a defective …

For some years the shrink hoses to DIN 30672 [DIN30672-1:1991], also called shrink sleeves [Opitz85], that have proven themselves in the gas and water sectors have also been used in the sewage sectors for sealing pipe joints up to DN 1200 [FI-Raych].

Shrink hoses consist of jet soaked polyethylene with an inner coating of thermoplastic sealing adhesive.

Jet soaked plastics, especially when they are specially mixed with stabilisers, possess the following …

(Image: 3-Part sleeve for external sealing - TS 30 [FI-Städt])

For external sealing of locally limited leaks, e.g. lateral cracks, limited pipe breaks, leaking pipe joints (felt connections) also combined with lateral deviations of limited extent in the horizontal and vertical direction, there are available multi-part sleeves of stainless steel with an inner elastomer coating (Bild 5.2.3.1.2).

With this type of sleeve, seals to pipes with circular …

The lecture series "Repair of manholes made of concrete, reinforced concrete and masonry" presents several possibilities for repairing manholes.

The fourth part of the series is about rehabilitation of cracks in manholes by means of injection.

The aim of the lecture is to provide an overview of implementation of such measures.

Nov 22, 2006

Modules

Manholes perform a variety of functions, they are used to connect pipelines, to change direction and/or elevation, to provide access for personnel and/or equipment, and to provide aeration and ventilation to the drain and sewer system.

This module covers crack repair in manholes using injection.

After completing this module, you will have a sound knowledge of:

  • variations of filling cracks and
  • crack filling materials and their properties.

The lecture series "Repair of manholes made of concrete, reinforced concrete and masonry" presents several possibilities for repairing manholes.

The third part of the series is about height levelling and replacement of manhole tops.

The aim of the lecture is to provide an overview of implementation of such measures.

An important share of the repairs to manholes is the regulating and exchange of manhole tops because today, as compared to earlier, much greater demands are made on the evenness of the traffic lane and these are subject to higher loads due to the heavier traffic conditions .

(Image: Positional deviation of the frame of a manhole top [City of Düsseldorf, Germany])
(Image: Manhole top raised above street level as a result of settling) (Image: Possible …

The following points of damage occur especially often:

  • Crack formation at cover, grating or frame;
  • Wear of the frame and/or the lid especially on the support surfaces between the lid and frame;
  • Positional deviation of the frame of the manhole top ;
  • Settling differences between the traffic lane or pavement and the manhole top .

Damages of cover or frame according to DIN EN 13508 [DINEN13508-2] :

  • cover broken (A)
  • rocking cover (B)
  • cover missing (C)…

Consequences of damage:

  • traffic hazards (material damages and personal injuries)
  • traffic obstruction
  • noise disturbance (due to clanging manhole covers or uneven road)
(Image: Positional deviation of the frame of a manhole top [City of Düsseldorf, Germany])

The most common cause for the last two named types of damage is the failure of the grout between the frame of the manhole top and the throat of the manhole or possibly the support ring through a combination of dynamic loading from passing vehicles and chemical / physical stressing caused, for instance, by:

  • Effects of thawing salt;
  • Temperature differences;
  • Differences in moisture content;
  • Freezing / thawing change stresses.

Further causes that can …

(Image: Suggestions for the rehabilitation of damages of manhole tops)
(Image: Rehabilitation variants for height levelling)

In this rehabilitation measure, neither the manhole tops, nor the surrounding covering and carrier layers, are removed. There follows only the lifting or lowering of the frame that has previously been loosened with the aid of special mechanical or hydraulic machines [WPCFFD6] [NASSCO85a] [WPCF85].

Procedure:

  • lifting the manhole frame up to the required level
  • cleaning the joint that has thus emerged
  • inserting a shuttering (metal or hose shuttering)